#This file was created by LinuxDoc-SGML #(conversion : Frank Pavageau and Jose' Matos) \lyxformat 2.15 \textclass linuxdoc \language default \inputencoding default \fontscheme default \papersize Default \paperfontsize default \spacing single \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation indent \defskip medskip \quotes_language default \quotes_times 2 \paperorientation portrait \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \layout Title \added_space_top vfill \added_space_bottom vfill Linux/Alpha Frequently Asked Questions \layout Author \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:rdp@alphalinux.org \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Rich Payne \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \layout Date v1.6, 3 Nov 2000 \layout Abstract This document attempts to answer the most common Linux/Alpha related questions. It also contains various pointers to other information sources that may help you get started in the Alpha world. The latest version of this FAQ can always be found via the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Linux/Alpha home page \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . It can also be downloaded, in .html or a number of other formats, from the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/faq/otherformats \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaLinux.Org \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset home page. \layout Standard \begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents \end_inset \layout Section What State Is Linux/Alpha In? \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{What State Is Linux/Alpha In} \end_inset \layout Standard Linux/Alpha is for real: pretty much everything is up and running: there is XFree86, LaTeX, ghostview, Netscape, Emacs, gcc, C++, NFS, automounter, all sorts of shells, perl, python, Java, Tcl/Tk, scheme, apache HTTP server, and pretty much anything else that's freely available. X11 works well on several video cards (see below). Thanks to Dave Taylor and Linus Torvalds, there is now even a \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/X11 \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Quake binary \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset for Linux/Alpha! Since April 1997, it is now also possible to run many Linux/x86 binaries through the em86 emulator. (See section \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{ \end_inset em86 \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {refnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ) The list of applications supported by em86 includes gems such as applix, Netscape, and acrobat. The emulator has been made available free of charge by Jim Paradis of Digital Semiconductor. \layout Standard Linux/Alpha presently runs on most of the Alpha boxes that come with the PCI or EISA bus. This excludes the old TURBOchannel based DEC 3000 series of workstations. \layout Subsection Supported Drivers \layout Standard \series bold Drivers that are known to work \series default (let us known if there is something new): \layout Itemize X11: Almost all XFree86 drivers work on Linux/Alpha. Perhaps the biggest missing feature is packed 24-bit support. 32bpp/depth 24 works fine, though. The SVGA server on Alpha supports only a subset of the cards supported on Intel: Matrox and S3Virge are supported, but a number of older chipsets are not. SuSE is actively involved with the development of XFree. If you have a card that isn't supported yet, you may find a driver at their \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.suse.com/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset website \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . There are some development X servers available from Digital's FTP \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/X11 \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset site \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ; you might check there if XFree86 doesn't work on your system. Commercial X-servers are available from MetroLink and XiGraphics. (See the section on commercial software.) You may need these if you have a very new graphics card. \layout Itemize keyboard \layout Itemize console (TGA, EGA+ or VGA+ compatible cards) \layout Itemize selection (console mouse support) \layout Itemize serial \layout Itemize line-printer (centronics port) \layout Itemize floppy \layout Itemize SCSI: disks, CD-ROMs, and tapes seem to work fine. Host adapters that are known to work: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize NCR/Symbios 53c810, 825, 875 (use the ncr53c8xx driver),895,896 \layout Itemize aha1740 (on Jensen, at least) \layout Itemize BusLogic (all cards ISA or PCI cards should work fine except for the Flashpoint; EISA cards may be flaky in older EISA systems). \layout Itemize Qlogic ISP1020 \layout Itemize support for Adaptec cards in now fairly solid though users do occasionally have problems with them. \end_deeper \layout Itemize ftape (QIC-80 tape drives) \layout Itemize IDE driver: disks and CD-ROMs (ATAPI) are known to work. \layout Itemize Networking: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize Ethernet drivers: de4x5, de500, depca, ewrk3, ne2000. The following drivers are supposed to be working as well: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize Western Digital (aka SMC Elite) wd80x3 \layout Itemize SMC Ultra \layout Itemize SMC EtherEZ \layout Itemize 3Com 3c503, 3c503/16, 3c509-B, 3c509-C \layout Itemize Cabletron e2100 \layout Itemize Hewlett Packard PC Lan (model 27245, uses hp.c) \layout Itemize Hewlett Packard PC Lan+ (model 27247 or 27252A, uses hp-plus.c) \layout Itemize Ansel AC3200 EISA card. \layout Itemize AMD PCnetPCI (79C970 and 79C970A) based Ethernet cards (LANCE32 driver). \layout Itemize Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 \end_deeper \layout Itemize Other drivers: ppp, ibmtr (IBM token ring driver). \layout Itemize ISDN: ICN 2B and ICN 4B cards (if you have problems with them, contact \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:tsbogend@bigbug.franken.de \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Thomas Bogendoerfer \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ). \end_deeper \layout Itemize Cameras/Scanners: QuickCam (both grayscale and color versions). HP ScanJet reportedly work. Mustek flat scanners are supported, too. \layout Itemize Sound cards: SoundBlaster compatible cards seem to work well. The Microsoft Sound System compatible card built into the UDB is supported, too. \layout Itemize Joystick: The joystick interface on a SoundBlaster16 (which is just a regular PC joystick port) is known to work with joystick-0.7.3 (as a module). There were a few minor patches that had to be applied. If you want it, send mail to \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:David.Mosberger@acm.org \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset David Mosberger \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . The "koules" game is known to work with the joystick. \layout Subsection Known Bugs And Workarounds \layout Standard This section lists known bugs in Linux/Alpha and discusses how they can be avoided or worked around. As things are under constant development, this section is rather volatile. Just because it isn't listed here doesn't mean the problem isn't known already. On the other hand, if you run a recent distribution, it's likely that most of the problems have been addressed already. In any case, before sending mail off to \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:axp-list@redhat.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset axp-list \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset , be sure to check this section first. If you discover a new problem/workaround, we would appreciate if you could send us a report (preferably in linuxdoc SGML format). \layout Description Kernel \protected_separator hangs \protected_separator or \protected_separator panics \protected_separator when \protected_separator trying \protected_separator to \protected_separator mount \protected_separator root \protected_separator file \protected_separator system: \protected_separator The Linux kernel currently has \family typewriter /dev/sda2 \family default hard coded as its default root file system. Thus, if your root file system is on any other disk or partition, you will have to specify the boot option \family typewriter root=/dev/ \family default root-partition. For example, if the root file system is on \family typewriter /dev/hda1 \family default , you'd specify \family typewriter root=/dev/hda1 \family default . \layout Description ELF \protected_separator \protected_separator \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator gdb \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator behaves \protected_separator odd \protected_separator w.r.t. \protected_separator shared \protected_separator functions. When using \family typewriter gdb \family default on a dynamically linked binary, it is best to force eager resolution of dynamic symbols. To do this, simply issue the command \family typewriter set env LD_BIND_NOW=1 \family default from within \family typewriter gdb \family default . Otherwise, you may see unexpected behavior when trying to step into or over a shared function. The source of this problem is known, but nobody has had time yet to fix the problem. \layout Description Kernel \protected_separator reports \protected_separator 2.88MB \protected_separator floppy \protected_separator drive: \protected_separator On the Alphas, the kernel \shape italic always \shape default reports floppy drives as having 2.88MB capacity even if a smaller capacity drive is installed. This is nothing to worry about: normally, the floppy driver automatically detects and selects the correct capacity so everything will work fine. The only exception to this rule is when formatting a new floppy disk. To do this, you'll need to select the device name with the correct capacity. For example, if the system has a 1.4MB drive, format \family typewriter /dev/fd0H1440 \family default instead of \family typewriter /dev/fd0 \family default . \layout Description Unaligned \protected_separator accesses: \protected_separator The Alpha, like all real RISC CPUs, requires that memory accesses are \shape italic naturally aligned \shape default . For example, reading a 4 byte integer from memory requires that the address of the integer be a multiple of 4. Similarly, 8 byte integers need to start at an address that is a multiple of 8. If the CPU attempts to access a word that is not properly aligned, the CPU will trap into the kernel and issue a warning message. The kernel will then go ahead and emulate the unaligned access so that the user-level process executes as if nothing had happened (except for a substantial slow-down due to the fault). \layout Standard Typically, an unaligned fault message looks like this: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim X(26738): \protected_separator unaligned \protected_separator trap \protected_separator at \protected_separator 000000012004b6f0: \protected_separator 00000001401b20ca \protected_separator 28 \protected_separator 1 \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard What this means is that the process executing command \family typewriter X \family default (the X11 server) with process id 26738 caused an unaligned fault accessing address 0x1401b20ca. This access was performed by the instruction located at address 0x12004b6f0. The other numbers are less important, but if you check the kernel sources, you'll find that they tell you more info on what kind of instruction caused the fault (e.g., a load vs. a store). \layout Standard You do not need to be overly alarmed when seeing such a message. The program causing the faults will work \shape italic correctly \shape default . Eventually, all unaligned accesses will be fixed, but in the meantime, just ignore these messages (if you're a programmer, please take a minute and fix the source of the unaligned access instead...). \layout Description Linker \protected_separator issues \protected_separator \protected_separator \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator warning: \protected_separator using \protected_separator multiple \protected_separator gp \protected_separator values \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator message: This is a warning message that is often issued by the linker when building a large program. Unless you're into low-level hacking, you don't want to know what it means. The good news is: you can safely ignore this message and this warning will be optional in the future. \layout Description IDE \protected_separator driver \protected_separator causes \protected_separator time \protected_separator to \protected_separator run \protected_separator slow: \protected_separator The default configuration of the IDE driver disables interrupts for extended periods of time. This causes the kernel to loose timer interrupts and as a result, time runs slow. To avoid this, use the following command on all of the IDE drives in your system: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator hdparm \protected_separator -u \protected_separator 1 \protected_separator /dev/hd? \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard This reconfigures the IDE driver to re-enable interrupts as quickly as possible. \layout Description \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator minlabel \protected_separator \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator , \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator fdisk \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator fail \protected_separator to \protected_separator update \protected_separator kernel \protected_separator partition \protected_separator table: Do not attempt to use a system after changing the partition table. Even if \family typewriter minlabel \family default and/or \family typewriter fdisk \family default show the correct values you \shape italic will \shape default have to reboot the machine before the new values take effect. \layout Description \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator tar \protected_separator xvMf \protected_separator /dev/fd0 \protected_separator \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator hangs. (This bug should not occur on GNU libc-based systems.) Due to a bug in the malloc package that comes with libc-0.43, multi-volume tar archives do not work. Recompile and link with the gmalloc stand alone package, or get an updated libc. \layout Description Clock \protected_separator seems \protected_separator to \protected_separator be \protected_separator off \protected_separator by \protected_separator 20 \protected_separator years: \protected_separator This is not really a bug, but many people seem to have problems with it. Here's Jay Estabrook's Definitive Solution. \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim ARC \protected_separator console \protected_separator and \protected_separator SRM \protected_separator console \protected_separator keep \protected_separator dates \protected_separator in \protected_separator the \protected_separator time-of-year \protected_separator (TOY) \protected_separator clock \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline in \protected_separator slightly \protected_separator different \protected_separator formats \protected_separator (actually, \protected_separator only \protected_separator the \protected_separator "year" \protected_separator field \protected_separator differs). \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline The \protected_separator "/sbin/clock" \protected_separator binary \protected_separator normally \protected_separator expects \protected_separator the \protected_separator format \protected_separator which \protected_separator SRM \protected_separator uses; \protected_separator you \protected_separator can, \protected_separator \newline however, \protected_separator tell \protected_separator it \protected_separator to \protected_separator expect \protected_separator ARC \protected_separator format \protected_separator instead, \protected_separator using \protected_separator the \protected_separator "-A" \protected_separator flag. \protected_separator \newline Thus, \protected_separator to \protected_separator read \protected_separator the \protected_separator clock \protected_separator when \protected_separator its \protected_separator kept \protected_separator in \protected_separator ARC \protected_separator format, \protected_separator say \protected_separator "clock \protected_separator -r \protected_separator -A", \protected_separator and \protected_separator \newline to \protected_separator write \protected_separator it, \protected_separator "clock \protected_separator -w \protected_separator -A". \protected_separator If \protected_separator its \protected_separator not \protected_separator written \protected_separator in \protected_separator the \protected_separator expected \protected_separator format, \protected_separator the \protected_separator \newline console \protected_separator (ARC \protected_separator or \protected_separator SRM) \protected_separator will \protected_separator prolly \protected_separator complain \protected_separator about \protected_separator it \protected_separator the \protected_separator next \protected_separator time \protected_separator it \protected_separator has \protected_separator a \protected_separator \newline chance... \protected_separator :- \protected_separator \backslash \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline The \protected_separator best \protected_separator way \protected_separator to \protected_separator ensure \protected_separator you're \protected_separator using \protected_separator the \protected_separator correct \protected_separator format, \protected_separator is \protected_separator to \protected_separator set \protected_separator the \protected_separator date \protected_separator via \protected_separator \newline the \protected_separator console's \protected_separator date-setting \protected_separator facility; \protected_separator under \protected_separator ARC, \protected_separator it's \protected_separator a \protected_separator menu \protected_separator item \protected_separator some \protected_separator place, \protected_separator \newline under \protected_separator SRM \protected_separator it's \protected_separator a \protected_separator command \protected_separator (IIRC; \protected_separator try \protected_separator "help \protected_separator date"). \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline Then \protected_separator you \protected_separator must \protected_separator ensure \protected_separator that \protected_separator the \protected_separator "clock" \protected_separator call \protected_separator in \protected_separator the \protected_separator RH \protected_separator script \protected_separator \newline /etc/rc.d/rc.sysconfig \protected_separator KNOWS \protected_separator WHAT \protected_separator FORMAT \protected_separator TO \protected_separator READ \protected_separator THE \protected_separator TOY \protected_separator IN!!!! \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline If \protected_separator you're \protected_separator using \protected_separator ARC \protected_separator console \protected_separator to \protected_separator boot \protected_separator MILO/kernel, \protected_separator do: \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline 1. \protected_separator running \protected_separator RH \protected_separator 4.1, \protected_separator make \protected_separator sure \protected_separator /etc/sysconfig/clock \protected_separator contains: \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator CLOCKMODE="ARC" \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline 2. \protected_separator running \protected_separator RH \protected_separator 4.2, \protected_separator make \protected_separator sure \protected_separator /etc/sysconfig/clock \protected_separator contains \protected_separator (at \protected_separator least): \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator ARC=true \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline Now, \protected_separator If \protected_separator you're \protected_separator using \protected_separator SRM \protected_separator console \protected_separator to \protected_separator directly \protected_separator boot \protected_separator a \protected_separator kernel, \protected_separator then: \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline 1. \protected_separator RH \protected_separator 4.1, \protected_separator same \protected_separator file, \protected_separator set \protected_separator CLOCKMODE="" \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline 2. \protected_separator RH \protected_separator 4.2, \protected_separator same \protected_separator file, \protected_separator set \protected_separator ARC=false \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline Refer \protected_separator to \protected_separator /etc/rc.d/rc.sysconfig \protected_separator for \protected_separator details \protected_separator about \protected_separator how \protected_separator the \protected_separator above \protected_separator are \protected_separator used \protected_separator to \protected_separator \newline call \protected_separator "clock" \protected_separator with \protected_separator the \protected_separator appropriate \protected_separator arguments. \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Description Clock \protected_separator gets \protected_separator set \protected_separator to \protected_separator a \protected_separator random \protected_separator date \protected_separator and \protected_separator time \protected_separator This occurs on the PC164/LX164/SX164 mainboards. This is due to a slightly different version of the TOY clock hardware on these boards. As seen above, your system clock gets set from the TOY clock during bootup, using \family typewriter clock \family default . To test if your setup has this problem try the following command: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim while \protected_separator true; \protected_separator do \protected_separator /sbin/clock \protected_separator -r \protected_separator [-A]; \protected_separator done \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard (use the -A option when your hardware TOY clock is in ARC format) If you see any inconsistent results, you need to upgrade your \family typewriter /sbin/clock \family default . Get one of: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/Kernels/clock-pc164-rh4.2 \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/Kernels/clock-pc164-rh50 \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Description 0>0>0>0>0>0> \protected_separator Standard MILO images are configured to talk to the first serial port as well as the screen. When you have a modem connected it will talk back. To resolve this, either make sure your modem is turned off at boot time, connect it to a different port, or build your own MILO, disabling serial port echo. \layout Description \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator fdisk \protected_separator \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator doesn't \protected_separator recognize \protected_separator my \protected_separator disk's \protected_separator partitions. This may occur when you're using BSD-style partitioning, e.g when partitioned using Digital Unix's \family typewriter disklabel \family default utility. Just go into \family typewriter fdisk \family default 's BSD mode and you will be all right. \layout Description \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator vi \protected_separator \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator handles \protected_separator keystrokes \protected_separator in \protected_separator batches \protected_separator of \protected_separator four In fact, other apps will show the same behavior: it really is a \family typewriter ncurses \family default problem. It may be related to the \family typewriter termio \family default vs. \family typewriter termios \family default programming error described in the section below. A workaround is to issue \family typewriter stty eof 'a' \family default before starting vi. \layout Description X \protected_separator will \protected_separator not \protected_separator start \protected_separator on \protected_separator Ruffian \protected_separator (164UX), \protected_separator UP1000 \protected_separator or \protected_separator UP1100 \protected_separator Starting X fails with "Failed to set IOPL for I/O". Cause: the stock 5.1 GLIBC doesn't recognize the RUFFIAN system type. This is fixed in most recent distributions if you still encounter this do \shape italic exactly \shape default the following (as root): \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim ln \protected_separator -s \protected_separator EB164 \protected_separator /etc/alpha_systype \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard For UP1000,UP1100 systems change the system type from above to Tsunami: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim ln \protected_separator -s \protected_separator Tsunami \protected_separator /etc/alpha_systype \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard The following distributions are known to have this problem for the UP1000, UP1100: RedHat < 6.2, Debian < Woody. \layout Description \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator ipfwadm \protected_separator \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator fails. RedHat 5.1 and 5.2 for Alpha shipped with a buggy ipfwadm. The common workaround is to use ipfwadm from RedHat 5.0. (Note: when you're running a 2.1.* or 2.2.* kernel you'll be using ipchains instead.) \layout Description Instable \protected_separator configurations \protected_separator with \protected_separator Adaptec \protected_separator SCSI \protected_separator controllers. \protected_separator This seems to occur with Adaptec 2940 on PC164 in particular. Improvement has been reported after turning off the autodetection of device speed, width and termination. Get the utility from: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim http://www.windowsnt.digital.com/support/drivers/drivers.asp/ \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard Put it on a floppy, or any FAT partition, and select "Run a program" from the ARCBIOS menu. (Newer systems will allow you to configure SCSI controllers by running the onboard utility through the i386 emulator in the firmware.) \layout Description XL266 \protected_separator refuses \protected_separator to \protected_separator boot \protected_separator after \protected_separator setting \protected_separator time. \protected_separator When you forget to use the -A option when setting the hardware clock on an XL266, the ARCBIOS may see an invalid time, and refuse to boot any OS until this has been corrected. Unfortunately, when the setting is sufficiently invalid, it will not allow you to do so. (This is definitely a bug...) To recover you need a modified version of linload.exe. (Thanks to Juergen Schroeder this is available from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.ub.uni-marburg.de/pub/unix/linux/alpha/linload_auto.exe \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset .) Put it on a floppy, together with your favorite MILO, and use the "Run a Program" option to start it. Once in MILO you can boot linux, and set the clock again. Be sure to use -A this time... (I believe the modification to linload.exe is that the location of MILO is hardwired into the program.) \layout Subsection Porting to Alpha: the \family typewriter long \family default and \family typewriter short \family default of it \layout Standard Here is a somewhat random collection of popular ways of shooting yourself in the foot on Unix when programming in C. This has practically nothing to do with Linux or Alpha, but since Linux/Alpha is among the pioneers in 64-bit land, these errors are more likely to show on such systems. \layout Description \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator sizeof(long)!=32 \protected_separator \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator Many programs assume a long is 32 bits wide. This is non-sense. The ANSI C standard does not specify anything like that. For example, on an Alpha running a grown up operating system such as DEC Unix or Linux, the fundamental C types have the following sizes and alignment restrictions: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize \family typewriter char \family default : 8 bits as usual, byte alignment is fine. \layout Itemize \family typewriter short \family default : 16 bits as usual, 2 byte alignment required. \layout Itemize \family typewriter int \family default : 32 bits as usual, 4 byte alignment required. \layout Itemize \family typewriter float \family default : 32 bits as usual, 4 byte alignment required. \layout Itemize \family typewriter long \family default : 64 bits, 8 byte alignment required. \layout Itemize \family typewriter void* \family default : 64 bits, 8 byte alignment required. \layout Itemize \family typewriter double \family default : 64 bits as usual, 4 byte alignment required. \end_deeper Note that the above implies that you cannot cast a pointer to an integer without loosing bits. In fact, Alpha binaries by default are purposely arranged in such a way that if you try to do this, they'll dump core---it is much better to learn about such program errors via a core dump than through some subtle errors. \layout Standard If you need a variable with exactly n bits in it, you can use the following types in Linux applications (and most other systems that are based on GNU libc): \begin_deeper \layout Itemize \family typewriter int8_t \family default : signed integer type with 8 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter int16_t \family default : signed integer type with 16 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter int32_t \family default : signed integer type with 32 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter int64_t \family default : signed integer type with 64 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter u_int8_t \family default : unsigned integer type with 8 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter u_int16_t \family default : unsigned integer type with 16 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter u_int32_t \family default : unsigned integer type with 32 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter u_int64_t \family default : unsigned integer type with 64 bits. \end_deeper In the kernel, use the following types instead: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize \family typewriter __s8 \family default : signed integer type with 8 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter __s16 \family default : signed integer type with 16 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter __s32 \family default : signed integer type with 32 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter __s64 \family default : signed integer type with 64 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter __u8 \family default : unsigned integer type with 8 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter __u16 \family default : unsigned integer type with 16 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter __u32 \family default : unsigned integer type with 32 bits. \layout Itemize \family typewriter __u64 \family default : unsigned integer type with 64 bits. \end_deeper However, the availability of these types is somewhat system dependent. In particular, on a 32 bit machine, the 64 bit integers are typically available only when using GNU C. Also, keep in mind that there are still machines out there that have odd word sizes, such as 36 bits. So, for the sake of portability, these types should be used sparingly. \layout Description Error \protected_separator return \protected_separator value \protected_separator of \protected_separator \protected_separator \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator inet_addr \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator () It is a common myth to assume that \family typewriter inet_addr() \family default returns -1 in case of error. In fact, even the Linux man-page propagates this superstitious belief. But don't be misguided: in truth, \family typewriter inet_addr() \family default returns \family typewriter INADDR_NONE \family default in case of error. This manifest constant is defined in \family typewriter netinet/in.h \family default . An even better solution is to avoid this function all together. Reasonably modern libraries provide the \family typewriter inet_aton \family default () function that has an unmistakable return value to indicate success or failure. \layout Description \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator struct \protected_separator termio \protected_separator \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator does \protected_separator \shape \protected_separator italic \protected_separator not \shape \protected_separator default \protected_separator \protected_separator equal \protected_separator \family \protected_separator typewriter \protected_separator struct \protected_separator termios \family \protected_separator default \protected_separator Many Linux programs incorrectly assume it is all right to mix and match \family typewriter struct termio \family default and \family typewriter struct termios \family default and their \family typewriter ioctl() \family default calls. Well, not quite. The two interfaces are in fact incompatible on many systems (for historic reasons, this can't be fixed easily). Thus, if you use \family typewriter struct termio \family default , then be sure to use the termio calls \shape italic only \shape default ( \family typewriter TCGETA \family default , \family typewriter TCSETAF \family default , \family typewriter TCSETAW \family default , and \family typewriter TCSETA \family default ). In contrast, if you use the termios structure, be sure to use its calls only ( \family typewriter TCGETS \family default , \family typewriter TCSETSF \family default , \family typewriter TCSETSW \family default , and \family typewriter TCSETS \family default ). \layout Description Atomicity \protected_separator of \protected_separator sub-word \protected_separator loads/stores \protected_separator It is generally not safe to assume that reading or writing a quantity that is smaller than the machine's word size is atomic. In particular, all early Alpha chips do not have atomic instructions to read or write a byte or a short (16 bits). Unless you're into kernel hacking where you need to synchronize with devices and/or interrupts, you probably won't care. But even in user-space this can cause problems in case your program is sharing data with another process through shared memory, for example. \layout Section Are There Any Mailing Lists I Should Join? \layout Standard Yes, we suggest subscribing to the "axp-list" mailing list. To subscribe, simply send mail with a subject of "subscribe" (no message-body) to: \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:axp-list-request@redhat.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset axp-list-request@redhat.com \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Standard There's also the Debian-Alpha mailing list. It's a must when you use that distribution, but it also carries discussions on topics that Red Hat users might be interested in. Visit \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.debian.org \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Debian home page \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset to subscribe. \layout Standard There are also several other mailing lists for AlphaLinux. There's a complete list and archives available at \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/archives \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset www.alphalinux.org \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Standard If you're curious to see what's going on in the Japanese Linux/Alpha scene, the "linux-alpha-jp" mailing list is for you. Subscribe to that list by sending mail to \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:majordomo-zagato@kuamp.kyoto-u.ac.jp \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset majordomo-zagato@kuamp.kyoto-u.ac.jp \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset with a body containing the line "subscribe linux-alpha-jp". Be advised that many mails are written in Japanese (ISO-2022-JP). \layout Subsection And How About NewsGroups? \layout Standard The group \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset news:comp.os.linux.alpha \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset comp.os.linux.alpha \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset started in June 1997. It should be available on most servers by now, and can also be read through \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://xp7.dejanews.com/qs.xp?QRY=comp.os.linux.alpha&OP=dnquery.xp&defaultOp=AND&svcclass=dncurrent&maxhits=20&nofilt=1 \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset DejaNews \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Section What's The Minimum Configuration To Run Linux/Alpha? \layout Standard Linux/Alpha is known to run on machines with as little as 8MB of RAM and a 170MB harddisk. In those 8MB of RAM, you can run Emacs-19.28 without swapping, but that's about it. A system with 16MB RAM and 500MB is perfectly reasonable to work with, even when using X11. 32MB RAM and on the order of 1GB of disk should satisfy even power-hungry users, though, as usually is the case: the more the better. \layout Standard (Well, I guess one's perception of what is reasonable can change with time, and with DRAM prices. I know that by now many people would consider 32MB the bare minimum, 64MB usable. Recent releases of RedHat seem to need at least 24MB just to install... And you'll have a hard time looking for a hard disk smaller than 2GB.) \layout Standard Note that, though many Alpha mainboards support EIDE, performance is reported to be unsatisfactory. SCSI is recommended. \layout Section How fast is the Alpha ? \layout Standard This depends on the type of system you have, and what you are trying to do. \layout Standard The Alpha is a RISC processor: it has fewer and simpler instructions. Thus, at the same clockspeed, it will generally be slower than a CISC processor. But, being simpler, it will be easier to build processors that run at higher speeds. The fastest Alpha (now at 833MHz) will outpace the fastest Intel processor (1 GHz.) This will remain true for many years to come. (It will also be more expensive.) \layout Standard In BogoMIPS, Alpha's up to the 164 show a speed approximately equal to the clock frequency in MHz (like Intel's 486 and early Pentium processors.) The 264 has a BM value of twice the clock speed (like Pentium MMX and higher.) This, however can not be taken as a true indication of the speed for real applications. \layout Standard RISC instructions are fewer and simpler, so you need to execute more of them to get the same amount of work done. On top of that, they are also larger. So, to keep your Alpha running at full speed, you need large caches and high memory bandwidth. Most Alpha's have two levels of cache on chip, and the newer boards also provide wide (128 or 256 bit) memory busses. Some of the older Alpha systems, however, do suffer from lack of memory bandwidth. \layout Standard The Alpha has earned itself a reputation for floating point performance. However, it takes a very good compiler and libraries to achieve the optimum. Until recently, this meant that the real numbercrunchers would often revert to Digital Unix. Recently, though the compilers in the Open Source arena still lag behind, large improvements have been made w.r.t. the libraries and compilers. Compaq has ported the Tru64 (Digital Unix) \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.compaq.com/products/software/linux/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset compilers and math libraries \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset over to Linux. They are available for free download for academic and personal use, commercial use does require purchasing a license. \layout Section What Systems Does Linux/Alpha Run On? \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Supported Systems} \end_inset \layout Standard The number of Alpha platforms that are supported by Linux is quickly increasing. The following is a list of workstations and motherboards that are known to work with Linux. If you have any corrections to the list, please send \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:docs@alphalinux.org \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset us \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset mail. More information on these system types is also available at the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/docs \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaLinux.org documentation archives \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.compaq.com/alphaserver/es40/index.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset ES40 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default The ES40 is currently one of the largest Alpha machines that runs Linux. It's available with 1-4 500MHz CPUs with 4MB of cache or 1-4 667MHz CPUs with 8MB of DDR cache, and supports up to 32Gig of memory. Linux kernels for these machines should be compiled as either Generic or DP264. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.compaq.com/alphaserver/ds10/index.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset DS10 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www5.compaq.com/alphaserver/ds10l/index.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset DS10L \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default The difference between the DS10 and the DS10L is that the L version is a 1U rack-mountable unit, whereas the standard DS10 is a desktop box. These are based on the Tsunami chipset and have CPUs at either 466 or 600MHz, with 2MB of cache. Linux kernels for these machines should be compiled as either Generic or DP264. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.digital.com/alphaserver/workstations/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset XP1000 and XP900 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default These are the last true workstation products to come out of Digital/Compaq. From now on all the workstations will use the same parts as the servers. The XP1000 is sold with either a 500MHz (Monet) or 667MHz (Brisbane) CPU and both are based on the Tsunami chipset.. The XP900 is sold as a VMS workstation. Linux kernels for these machines should be compiled as either Generic or DP264. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.api-networks.com/products/up1000-board.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset UP1000 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset and \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.api-networks.com/products/up1100-board.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset UP1100 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default Products of Alpha Processor Inc (now API NetWorks Inc). Both are based around the AMD Irongate system controller and can take up 768MB of memory (3slots, PC100 Unbuffered ECC 168Pin DIMMs). The UP1000 uses API's slot B and can accommodate either a 600MHz 2MB or 700MHz 4MB slotB. The UP1100 has a 600MHz processor soldered to the board and a 2MB cache (all the CPUs uses in both boards are EV67). The UP1100 also has UDMA66 support (UP1000 has UDMA33), onboard sound (use the trident driver is 2.2.16 or later) and an onboard 21143 (tulip) ethernet controller. Both boards also have dual serial, parallel and dual USB (yes, the USB does work under Linux). Linux kernels for these machines should be compiled as either Generic or Nautilus. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.api-networks.com/products/up2000-board.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset UP2000 and UP2000+ \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default Another product of Alpha Processor Inc, now API NetWorks Inc. They are very similar to the DP264 series except that they can only take 2Gig of RAM (8 Slots, uses PC100 Registered ECC 168Pim DIMMs) and have a different SCSI controller (Adaptec Ultra2Wide). Instead of using the daugthercard approach that the DP264 uses, the UP2000 and UP2000+ use the API SlotB which contains the processor, cache and VRM. SlotBs for these boards are available in the following configs: 600MHz 2MB, 667MHz 2MB, 667MHz 4MB, 750MHz 4MB, 750MHz 8MB and 833MHz 4MB (DDR cache, UP2000+ only). Linux kernels for these machines should be compiled as either Generic or DP264. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.api-networks.com/products/264dp-board.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset DP264 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset and \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www5.compaq.com/alphaserver/ds20e/index.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset DS20/DS20E \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default The DP264 and DS20 are dual EV6 (or EV67) machines based on Tsunami. The DP264 is the OEM version and is almost functionally the same. They support up to 4Gig of memory using PC100 Registered ECC 200 Pin DIMMs with 16 slots. They also have onboard Adaptec SCSI (Ultra Wide) and support speeds of 500 or 667 (500s have either 2 or 4MB or cache, 667 has either 4MB (Samsung) or 8MB of DDR cache (Compaq)). Linux kernels for these machines should be compiled as either Generic or DP264. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.api-networks.com/products/164ux-board.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaPC 164UX \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default Interestingly, this is not a Digital product. It was developed by Deskstation, (called RUFFIAN then), and is now being sold by Samsung. It supports speeds up to 800 MHz, and comes with on-board Ultra Wide SCSI (Symbios Logic 53C875), and 10/100 Mb Ethernet (Digital 21143). Like the 164SX an LX, it uses DIMMs (SDRAM) for memory, but it has 6 slots rather then 4. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.dec.com/semiconductor/alpha/dsc-pc164lx.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaPC 164LX \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default is Digital's best bet. It's based on the \series bold AlphaPC 164 \series default , but with speeds up to 600 MHz, and using DIMMs rather than SIMMs. (i.e. SDRAM rather then DRAM.) \layout Itemize \layout Standard The low end of the EV5 generation is the \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.digital.com/semiconductor/alpha/dsc-pc164sx.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaPC 164SX \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \series default . It uses the 21164PC variant of the Alpha microprocessor, at 400 or 533 MHz. This board is targeted at the NT Workstation market, but it will run Linux just fine. \layout Itemize \layout Standard For a complete Workstation you may want to look at \series bold Miata \series default (Personal Workstation). This comes with a Graphics Card (Powerstorm) for which X11 support does not (yet) exist, but Matrox Millennium is a popular replacement. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold Alcor (AS600), Bret (AS500) \series default . The Alcor kernel is supposed to work fine with the AlphaStation 500 as well. If you can confirm this, please let us know. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold EB164 \series default . The Aspen Timberline and Summit machines are similar to this machine/motherboard. The EB164 has been replaced by the PC164 and it's successors (see above). \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold Cabriolet (aka AlphaPC64): \series default This is a PCI-bus based motherboards using the 21064 Alpha CPU. It is more pricey than the 21066 systems but it does make for a real nice system and many third-party products are based on this design. This board typically runs at 275MHz but some vendors sell an (overclocked) 300MHz version. It really is historical now, but you may be able to find them at very attractive prices. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold Mikasa \series default (AlphaServer 1000). Noritake (AlphaServer 1000a) is supported as well, if you use kernels 2.0.30 or higher, with the appropriate patches. However, the builtin Cirrus graphics card is not (or very poorly) supported by X11. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold Mustang (AS200),M3 (AS250),(AS255),Avanti (AS400) : \series default Linux now runs on all of these AlphaStations. The reason for clumping all these machines together is that they are all very similar to program. In particular, they all can run one and the same kernel when booted using the same firmware. Thus, when configuring a kernel, simply pick "Avanti" as the system type since that covers all of the above machines. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold XL \series default The XL machine is also know as the "Windows NT Dream Machine." Well, for what it's worth, (most of them) are perfectly happy running Linux. \layout Standard The regular XL is based on the 21064 CPU and runs either at 233 or 266MHz with 512KB or 2MB of second level cache, respectively. \layout Standard The newer \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.digital.com/info/CU3102/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset XL Turbo \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset is based on the 21164A CPU and runs either at 300 or 366MHz. The Turbo always comes with 2MB of second-level cache. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold ALPHAbook 1 \series default The ALPHAbook 1 is a 21066A based notebook (the first and only portable Alpha, so far). Linux works fine on this machine with a few extra patches. An X server is available for this machine as well. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/docs/jensen.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Jensen \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset (aka DEC 2000 aka DECpc AXP 150): \series default This is the oldest of all Alpha PCs and comes with an EISA bus. You probably don't want to buy such a machine new anymore since you can now get faster machines for less money. However, it is not uncommon to get really amazing deals for these machines and a Jensen definitively would make a nice home box. The firmware seems a little picky about what graphics card and SCSI controllers it wants, but if you're just looking for an affordable Alpha box, it might be worthwhile to look into it. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold Noname (aka AXPpci33): \series default This is a PCI-bus based motherboard using the 21066 Alpha CPU (Low-Cost Alpha). The core of the 21066 is the same as the 21064. The only difference is that the 21066 also has a memory and I/O controller integrated into the chip (which has the effect that the external interface is much simpler and therefore much cheaper). This board is available in a 166 and a 233MHz version. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/docs/udb-multia.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset UDB \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset : \series default Linux/Alpha also runs well on the Universal Desktop Box. (That's the box that's called "Multia" when it's running Windows NT.) The TGA graphics card and the builtin soundcard are supported. The UDB is basically a Noname board with more hardware builtin and wrapped into a neat little box. So when configuring a kernel for it, simply select the "Noname" system type. The UDB currently provides the lowest-cost entry point into the Alpha world. \layout Itemize \layout Standard \series bold EB*: \series default Digital used to sell various other evaluation boards (e.g., EB66, EB64+, etc.). Reportedly, Linux/Alpha may run on some of these. But they were relatively pricey and should now be considered obsolete. \layout Subsection Unsupported Systems \layout Standard Linux/Alpha is unlikely to support the TURBOchannel-based Alpha systems in the near (or any) future (this is the DEC 3000 series of workstations). The reason for this is two-fold: first, these machines have an I/O system that is very different from PCI-based machines and therefore do not look anything like PCs (e.g., pretty much all drivers would have to be written from scratch). Second, with the advent of PCI, the TURBOchannel is pretty much dead technology (for better or worse) and it just isn't all that much fun to develop software for dead technology (on the other hand, it may soon be possible to buy such systems cheaply, which would make them more interesting to Linux users, I suppose). \layout Standard If you have such a machine and want to run a free OS, look for the *BSD's. At least one of them supports the 3000 series. \layout Subsection Table \layout Standard The table below (one of Jay Estabrook's many invaluable contributions) may prove useful to select the right MILO/Kernel/bootfloppy for your system. \layout Standard \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim The \protected_separator following \protected_separator table \protected_separator may \protected_separator be \protected_separator useful; \protected_separator sorry, \protected_separator but \protected_separator I \protected_separator haven't \protected_separator put \protected_separator in \protected_separator the \protected_separator "family" \protected_separator designations \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline explicitly, \protected_separator but \protected_separator the \protected_separator groupings \protected_separator and \protected_separator MILOs \protected_separator are \protected_separator indicative, \protected_separator mostly. \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline --Jay++ \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline Note: \protected_separator "AS" \protected_separator can \protected_separator equally \protected_separator stand \protected_separator for \protected_separator "AlphaStation" \protected_separator and \protected_separator "AlphaServer", \protected_separator though \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator both \protected_separator may \protected_separator *not* \protected_separator be \protected_separator available \protected_separator for \protected_separator a \protected_separator given \protected_separator platform. \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline Hardware \protected_separator Type \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator Aliases \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator MILO \protected_separator image \protected_separator \newline ============= \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator ======= \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator 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\protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator N/A \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Section So, what should I buy? \layout Subsection Boards \layout Standard Most of the Alpha motherboards sold today go through Samsung and API NetWorks. Samsung handles some of the sales for Asia where \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.api-networks.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset API NetWorks, Inc. \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset handles the Americas and Europe. \layout Subsection Systems \layout Standard In general, it's likely that buying a complete system will actually be cheaper than putting one together yourself. This is especially true for many of the third-party systems and for Digital's XL machines. If you add the costs of all the components to the price of the motherboard, you'll quickly find that it's difficult to beat those prices. The good news about this is of course that it will also save you the trouble of having to find appropriate parts. A number of third-party vendors can be found through the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphapowered.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaPowered \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset page. They typically offer configurations based on 164LX and 164SX boards, but some may have nice deals on the older boards as well. \layout Standard Linux will also run on some of Digital's server-class systems. Check the table in the previous chapter. \layout Subsection Brief Alpha Systems Overview \layout Standard A brief (but unfortunately rather dated) introduction and overview of various Alpha systems and processors on the market can be found in \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/docs/alpha-howto.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Brief Alpha System Overview \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Section Where Do I Get Alpha Hardware? \layout Standard Check the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphapowered.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaPowered \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset page and the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/hardware/vendors.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaLinux.Org vendors list \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset which both contain a list of vendors. \layout Section Noname (AXPpci33) and Multia (UDB) \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Noname (AXPpci33)} \end_inset \layout Standard This section provides some more information on the Noname motherboard. There are some hints and tips that you might be interested in if you're considering putting together a system on your own. \layout Standard First off, here is what the Noname board looks like: \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/small_pci33.gif \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset picture of Noname board \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Standard This section also includes standard benchmark performance results, which might help give you an idea of how a Noname system performs. \layout Standard Before going out and purchasing such a machine, please be aware that the Noname really is a low-end machine and as such is relatively low performance. The Noname \shape italic can \shape default make for a nice machine (especially together with a TGA graphics card), but be sure to run the applications you care about before making a purchase decision. Rather then putting together a system based on this board, it is currently much cheaper to get a Universal Desktop Box (\begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.annex.co.uk/systems/udb.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset UDB \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ). That box is basically a Noname with lots of very nice builtin hardware. The last UDB's are now being sold at $ 99,-. \layout Subsection Which Firmware Does Linux/Alpha Require? \layout Standard You will need the OSF/1 PALcode to run Linux. Digital has made the firmware available for ftp so you can download the SRM console from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Digital's ftp site \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . There are two serious drawbacks with the SRM console: it eats away 2-3MB of RAM and older versions \series bold cannot \series default boot from IDE drives. With newer machines 2-3MB of memory is not all that significant, and IDE is support on newer platforms. Fortunately, the free \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/faq/milo.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset MILO \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset replacement firmware doesn't suffer from these problems. Plus with MILO, you get all the sources! \layout Subsection What Do I Need To Watch Out For? \layout Itemize \series bold Keyboard \series default \layout Standard If you plan on running DEC Unix (formerly known as OSF/1), you have to get a board with a PS/2 style connector. On the other hand, it seems a lot easier/cheaper to find cases and keyboards for AT-style connectors. (Nekotech seems to be shipping Noname motherboards with the PS/2 connectors on a slot-bracket which allows you to have the best of both worlds: a regular (cheap) AT-case without having to tie up a serial port for the mouse.) \layout Standard The only difference between the PS/2 and AT-style keyboard interface is the keyboard \series bold connector \series default . The electrical interface is identical. In fact, you can buy AT to PS/2 converters in any computer shop for a few bucks. The advantage of PS/2-style board is that there is a second connector that can be used for a PS/2 mouse (i.e., no need to tie up a serial port with a serial mouse). But then again: economy of scale currently works in the direction that serial mice are dirt cheap and omni-present, which can't be said about PS/2 mice. \layout Itemize \series bold Memory \series default \layout Standard Be careful about what kind of SIMMs you get. In particular, "logical parity" SIMMs \series bold do not \series default work. What you should get is 70ns memory with 36bits/SIMM. These are also known as ECC SIMMs. Please refer to the OEM Design Guide for details. \layout Standard Also notice that some of the firmware simply \shape italic refuses \shape default to boot with anything less than 16MB of RAM installed. Older versions of the SRM console used to do that and the ARC console apparently has the same bad habit. MILO and any reasonably recent release of the SRM console should boot fine in 8MB, however. \layout Subsection Will Normal ISA Cards Work? \layout Standard They should and, as far as we can tell, they really do work. Besides the drivers for the on-board interfaces, several other ISA cards are known to work already (e.g., depca and ne2000 Ethernet cards, sound cards, internal modems, etc.). Notice that the SRM console includes a configuration command called "isacfg" that allows to setup the PCI/ISA bridge. That command has an undocumented option \family typewriter enadev \family default that allows to enable the ISA card. \layout Subsection What's Performance Like? \layout Standard Notice that the numbers below are for DEC Unix. Linux/Alpha is likely to be less tuned at this point, but it gives you an idea of where the hardware stands. \layout Subsubsection 233MHz, 1MB Second-level Cache \layout Standard \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim ------------------------------------------------- \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline DRAFT \protected_separator 0.02 \protected_separator Performance \protected_separator Flash \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator AXPpci33, \protected_separator 233MHz \protected_separator \newline Digital \protected_separator UNIX \protected_separator 3.2 \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator 1MB \protected_separator BCache 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useful and detailed information is available at \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/read_me.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Digital's ftp server \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Section Jensen (DEC 2000/DECpc 150/Highscreen AXP) \layout Standard This section was contributed and was maintained for many years by Martin Ostermann. (Thanks, Martin !) Currently Martin doesn't own a Jensen anymore: updates for this section may be sent directly to \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:geerten@bart.nl \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset me \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \layout Standard The Jensen was the first Alpha PC that has been available commercially from DEC. Not surprisingly, there are a few oddities with it. This section is an attempt to help people getting Linux/Alpha installed on a Jensen, and to provide additional information operating Linux on the Jensen. \layout Subsection Installation \layout Standard First off, there is no MILO for the Jensen. So it is unavoidable to use Jensen's builtin \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/faq/srm.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset SRM \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset console. Unfortunately, it is severely handicapped with respect to boot command line option processing. Thanks to \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:michaels@stochastik.rwth-aachen.de \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Michael Schwingen \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset there is now a new \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.alphalinux.org/pub/aboot \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset aboot \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset loader that can work around these limitations. \layout Standard Secondly, the Jensen SRM console cannot boot from a floppy. This used to make bootstrapping Linux a real pain, until \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:paradis@amt.tay1.dec.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Jim Paradis \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset contributed a minilabel and writeboot programs executable from the ARC console. These tools can be download from the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/docs/jensen.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaLinux.Org Jensen Page \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Standard The original version -- \series bold which is outdated and you should not use this now \series default -- is available together with a the JENSEN-HOWTO describing the installation process in detail from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/ARCHIVES/JENSEN_INSTALL/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset ftp.digital.com \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Standard The Jensen is supported by \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.redhat.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Red Hat Linux \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset , but some things still cause trouble. \layout Subsection The Jensen is different \layout Standard The Jensen differs from other systems in several ways: \layout Itemize \series bold No MILO. \series default It was already stated that there is no MILO for the Jensen. This is because the firmware implementation of the Jensen differs somewhat from the one on other systems. PALcode is the keyword to look for, if your interested to know more. \layout Itemize \series bold EISA-Bus. \series default The Jensen has only got an EISA bus, no PCI. Furthermore, it uses a very special addressing scheme for the bus. While the kernel usually takes care of that in respect to device drivers, it has to be taken care of by utilities that do i/o in user space, like the X servers. Therefore you need special support from the X server, which is available in XFree86 version 3.3 (or later) for S3 cards, available from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.xfree86.org/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset www.xfree86.org \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . You'll also find other useful stuff there, ported by \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/I6/Colleagues/kanthak/Jensen/jensen_fan_page.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Stephan Kanthak \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset , like a ported SVGAlib. If you're interested in details, watch for the keywords SPARSE vs DENSE memory. \layout Standard \series bold Note: \series default Only S3 based cards are supported. The Compaq QVision, which is one of the graphic cards originally shipped by Digital, is \series bold not \series default currently not supported by XFree86, and support for it is unlikely to occur at all. \layout Itemize \series bold RTC. \series default Somehow it was managed to locate the real time clock at a different place (I/O port 0x170 instead of 0x70 on all other machines). Thus the original clock program will fail. A patched version is available from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/~ost/alpha/alpha.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Martin Ostermann's Alpha Page \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Itemize \series bold Firmware. \series default Since the Jensen is the oldest machine around, there are chances that you got a very old firmware. The date format changed in newer version, which will cause an offset of 20 years. You ought to get a \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/ARCHIVES/JENSEN_INSTALL/jensen_firmware_procedure.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset firmware update \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . WARNING: If you own an ELSA-Winner 1000 graphics adapter, don't update beyond version 1.7! Otherwise you'll not be able to use your card in EISA mode. This is probably due to a bug in the EISA BIOS of the card. \layout Subsection Known Problems \layout Standard Know Problem and workarounds: \layout Itemize \series bold Date and Time. \series default Due to the location of the real time clock and/or an old firmware. See above. \layout Itemize \series bold Won't boot after firmware update. \series default Aboot doesn't work with new firmwares. It is known to work \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/ARCHIVES/JENSEN_INSTALL/jensen_firmware_procedure.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset with versions up to 1.7 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . If you own an ELSA-Winner 1000 graphics adapter and upgraded beyond firmware version 1.7, the card won't work in EISA mode. Turn the card, so that it is plugged in with its ISA side. Maybe you want to downgrade you firmware again. (Windows-NT 3.51 and 4.0 seem to work fine with firmware 1.7) \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/ARCHIVES/JENSEN_INSTALL/jensen_firmware_procedure.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset This version \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset is now available from Digital's FTP server. \layout Itemize \series bold aboot-0.x doesn't compile on recent kernels. \series default Get aboot-0.4 or above, it works with recent kernels. \layout Itemize \series bold Won't automatic reboot after correct shutdown. \series default Known problem, with 2.0.x kernels. Apparently this has been solved with recent 2.1.x kernels. I tried 2.1.88, and rebooting worked. But that kernel version had other problems. \layout Itemize \series bold Second serial port is unusable. \series default Accessing '/dev/cua1' will freeze the system immediately. You may test this by issuing 'cat /dev/cua1', but I suggest that you put your file-systems in read-only mode first. In case you need more serial ports, it is no problem to install an additional serial buffer card. In case you need this for a modem, you ought to do that anyway, because the builtin ports are unbuffered (16450 compatible), not buffered ones (16550!). \layout Standard Sometimes people tend to blame the Jensen for general Alpha related problems. Please keep in mind that only the hardware is different, and that in most cases the kernel handles the hardware access. Thus for most programs it doesn't make a difference if they are being run on the Jensen or any other Digital/Alpha machine. \layout Subsection Hardware Issues \layout Standard You may ask yourself, how you can upgrade your system. Here are some suggestions, but please note that I actually \series bold did not \series default test most of this stuff, I just collected information found on the internet: \layout Itemize \series bold RAM updates. \series default 4 MB, 8MB (dual-RAS aka doublesided), 16 MB, and 32 MB SIMMs produced as late as summer of 96 have been reported to work, but I do not know if a certain refresh cycles is required. Note that you need \series bold 36 bit true parity \series default SIMMs (but only one of the 4 parity bits on each SIMM is actually used, as Michael Schwingen confirmed). \layout Itemize \series bold Video card. \series default Basically any VGA ISA or EISA card \series bold may \series default work. Most actually do, if you use the ARC console and Windows NT. Unfortunately, the SRM console, which you need to boot Linux, is somewhat picky about the cards it supports. It uses an Intel-x86 emulation to initialize the card via its VGA-BIOS, and that one seems to be buggy. If you want to run X, you need an S3 based card. Any S3 card (but, \series bold not \series default S3-Virge, etc), which has been accepted by the SRM console, should work. Look at the XFree documentation for the XF86S3 driver for detailed information. \layout Subsection Miscellaneous Information \layout Standard So what is the Jensen all about? There is a some information available online: \layout Itemize \series bold The Evolution of the Alpha AXP PC (\begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.digital.com/.i/info/DTJD04/DTJD04SC.TXT \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset text \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset /\begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.digital.com/.i/info/DTJD04/DTJD04P8.PS \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Postscript \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ) \series default by David G. Conroy, Thomas E. Kopec, and Joseph R. Falcone. This describes the development leading to the Jensen system. \layout Itemize \series bold Product announcement and description (\begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/systems/as1000/docs/SOC/Feb94/ch-1-b.txt \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset text \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset /\begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/systems/as1000/docs/SOC/Feb94/ch-1-b.ps.Z \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Postscript \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ) \series default by Digital. This is an overview of the Jensen system components and options. \layout Itemize \series bold PB22H-KB System Module -- Hardware Reference Information (\begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/misc/dec-docs/ek-a0638-td.pdf.gz \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset PDF \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ) \series default by Digital. This is an in-depth description of the Jensen hardware. \layout Section AlphaStation 200 \layout Standard These boxes have become quite popular recently because they are now available cheaply (Digital is clearing out the warehouse ??) which makes them the successor to the UDB as a lower end way into the Alpha world. \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.onsale.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Onsale \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset and \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.webauction.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Webauction \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset are the places to get them. \layout Standard Rick Taylor (\begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:charlet@hubcap.clemson.edu \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Charles E. Taylor IV \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ) supplied the following details: \layout Description CPU \protected_separator The AS200 comes with 21064 or 21064A CPUs. Speeds are 166MHz and 233 MHz. The support chipset is the 21071-AA. \layout Description cache \protected_separator Apart from the on-chip cache, there is 512K of cache on the mainboard. \layout Description memory \protected_separator There are 6 slots for 72 pin true parity SIMMs. Slots must be filled in pairs. According to the specs, 384 megs of RAM can be added. The items from Onsale seem to come with 16 MB. You may want to add some before installing Linux. \layout Description disc \protected_separator The base configuration does not include any discs... \layout Description video \protected_separator .. nor a graphics card. Any Alpha supported PCI video card should work: S3Virge DX (4MB) and S3Trio64V2 (2MB) definitely do. \layout Standard Some more quotes from Rich's mail: \layout Itemize "As with most of these older Alphas, upgrading the firmware is all but a necessity to install Linux. Mine came with an older SRM that just wouldn't load the Linux kernel without locking, and upgrading to the latest ARC fixed the problem. Mine came from the batch of Alphas that onsale and webauction have been (and still are, in the case of webauction) selling, so I'd assume other new AS200 owners might have similar problems." \layout Itemize "To get the builtin sound card to work you need to recompile the kernel on RedHat. Fairly simple, but I just talked a guy through it on the RedHat-AXP list, so I thought I'd mention it. :)" \layout Itemize "Something that surprised me when I first installed (before I hooked the machine into the local ethernet network and while I was using PPP): my modem wouldn't work on the first com port. I suspect that had something to do with the serial console setting. The symptom was the modem constantly getting traffic when no program should have been talking to it. Not too tough to figure out, but it could be rather confusing to someone who didn't get the documentation with their machine. A quick fix is to simply use the other com port for the modem." \layout Itemize "My AS200 came with something of an oddity - an ISA card with two PCMCIA slots on it. According to the DEC shipping label it was an option, but as I don't have any PCMCIA devices, I removed the card from the machine and put it in storage. I'm not sure if/how the card works in Linux, and I didn't get any documentation for the card, so I don't have much information on it." \layout Standard If you have bought one of them you may find the following URL's useful: both give a step by step recipe to get Linux installed. \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org/docs/as200.shtml \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.mindspring.com/ccsf-lug/AS200.htm \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \layout Section Samsung APC164UX (Ruffian) \layout Standard (This section is written by \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:stig@alpha-processor.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Stig Telfer \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset .) \layout Subsection Ruffian Links \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alpha-processor.com/products/downloads/customer_support/UX/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Alpha Processor Inc Customer support pages \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset for APC164UX boards. \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://talisman.alphalinux.org/ALOHcl/query.php?Platform=PC164ux \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset AlphaLinux.org's hardware database \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset for APC164UX boards. \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.theophys.kth.se/jurijus/alpha/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset A detailed installation guide \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset for Red Hat 5.2. \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.usa.samsungsemi.com/products/alpha/alpha-prodinfo.htm \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Samsung Semiconductor page \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset giving a good introduction to their Alpha systems. \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/Kernels \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Gatekeeper \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset , Digital's Linux support page. Several useful Ruffian upgrades available here. \layout Itemize Stefan Reinauer's \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.suse.de/~stepan/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset MILO page \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Standard \series bold Note \series default : I accept no responsibility for anything that goes wrong as a consequence of reading this section of the FAQ. If you have anything to add to it, please do! \layout Subsection Introduction \layout Standard The Ruffian board is broadly similar to the 164LX board, but beefed up with six DIMM slots instead of four (giving a maximum memory capacity of 1536MB), and with on-board SCSI and ethernet. It also takes higher-clocked EV56 processors (up to 667MHz) and has more PCI slots. \layout Subsubsection Hardware configuration: \layout Itemize Intel PIIX3 Southbridge and IDE controller. \layout Itemize Symbios 53C875 SCSI controller. \layout Itemize DEC 21143 Tulip ethernet controller. \layout Standard In all, a well-configured EV56 workstation. Yet it is plagued with a bad reputation. \layout Subsubsection The Caveat \layout Standard While the vast majority have no trouble with their Ruffians (author included), a handful of users find fundamental shortcomings that make the board unusable for their applications. \layout Subsubsection The Symptoms \layout Standard A virtual memory stress-test that induces continuous heavy paging can cause the machine to die. The problem manifests itself through various "Unable to handle kernel paging request", "killing the swapper", "attempting to swap the idle process" messages, and a register dump. The system may become unusable after that. \layout Standard The stress-test may run without failure (I have run it for three days without fault), or it may fail within seconds. \layout Standard Some people claim this problem only arises with large memory configurations. \layout Subsubsection The Fix \layout Standard \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:dobrek@itp.uni-hannover.de \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Lukasz Dobrek \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset of Hannover University has identified that his processor has been overheating and believes that this has been causing the problems described above. He put some silicon paste between processor and heatsink and found that his machine became stable again. Silicon paste is an interface material that improves heat transfer between surfaces. \layout Standard Other people have suggested that the problem is aggravated in large memory configurations. \layout Standard Elsewhere it has been suggested that using the latest milo will help improve stability. \layout Subsection Hardware Issues with the Ruffian \layout Subsubsection Ruffian On-board Ethernet \layout Standard The Ruffian's on-board DEC Tulip Ethernet is not very good at auto-sensing a 100Mbit link with the Linux Tulip driver. Using recent versions of the tulip driver appears to help. The author has also found the problem to be sensitive to the network hardware. By changing hubs, or even ports on the same hub, the problem disappears. \layout Standard The tulip device driver page is well documented at: \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.scyld.com/network/tulip.html \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \layout Standard These pages also contain instructions on how to install the driver. Alternatively, try looking at the section on building your own kernel in this FAQ. (The location of the tulip device driver in the linux source tree is drivers/net/tulip.c, copy your newly-downloaded version in here and you're ready to build) \layout Standard If your ethernet doesn't autosense 100Mbit, there are some other options I have found to sometimes work, although we're in experimental territory here and what may work for me may not work for you. \layout Standard Your first option is to hard-code your ethernet interface to be 100baseTX, bypassing the autosensing mechanism. However, this doesn't always work. What does sometimes work is hard-coding the medium to be 10Mbit, and then 100Mbit. The first packet will fail transmission, but after that the link is brought up in 100Mbit mode. To bypass the auto-sensing mechanism, edit tulip.c and put numbers into the options array, according to your media type as defined in an array further down the code (10baseT is 12, 100baseT is 4). If you still can't get this to work, try this patched version of the tulip driver, actually patched for the Miata by Loic Prylli. What it does is to keep trying with user-specified hard-coded media. \layout Standard Again, your experience may vary... \layout Subsubsection Video Cards \layout Standard Older versions of MILO (the bootloader) required that the video card was put into the 64-bit slot. This was because all the other PCI slots are behind a PCI-PCI bridge which was not correctly supported by MILO. \layout Standard However, work by Nikita Schmidt and Stefan Reinauer have addressed this problem and recent MILOs support a video card in any PCI slot, freeing that 64-bit slot up for better things... \layout Standard You can find Nikita's work \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://genie.ucd.ie/pub/alpha/milo/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset here \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset and Stefan's work \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.suse.de/~stepan/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset here \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . Stefan's work builds upon the improvements done by Nikita on the stock MILO available from Compaq at the Gatekeeper FTP site above. \layout Subsection The Red Hat Release CDs and the Ruffian \layout Standard Unfortunately, both Red Hat 5.1 and 5.2 releases have flaws to be aware of when installing on a Ruffian. \layout Subsection Red Hat 5.1 \layout Standard For your first disk, you should use a different milo and ldmilo.exe file, which are downloadable from Gatekeeper, Digital's FTP server: \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.alphalinux.org/pub/Linux-Alpha/Kernels/milo-ruffian-981020 \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \layout Itemize \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.alphalinux.org/pub/Linux-Alpha/Kernels/ldmilo-ruffian-981020 \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset \layout Subsubsection How to build your milo disk \layout Enumerate Take a DOS-formatted floppy \layout Enumerate Copy the two files above onto it, renaming them to 'ldmilo.exe' and 'milo' \layout Enumerate Thats it, you're done :-) \layout Subsubsection Running XFree with Red Hat 5.1 \layout Standard If the XFree X server fails to start on your system, try adding the following link: \layout Standard \family typewriter cd /etc; ln -s EB164 alpha_systype \family default \layout Standard If your graphics card uses the SVGA X-server (eg, if you have a Matrox graphics card), you should also pick up the patched SVGA server. ( \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://mea.tmt.tele.fi/pub/XFree86/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ). Or, upgrade to a newer version of XFree, as packaged with any current distribution. \layout Subsubsection Reading the time and date correctly with Red Hat 5.1 \layout Standard The Ruffian ARCSBIOS uses a different format for time and date. In releases of Red Hat up to 5.1, this meant that Linux would not report the correct date and time. \layout Standard This can be fixed using: \layout Itemize An updated version of the clock binary (try gatekeeper), \layout Itemize by getting your date and time from another system on the network using rdate -s, \layout Itemize or by using xntpd. \layout Standard Date and time issues are fixed for the Ruffian in Red Hat 5.2 \layout Subsection Red Hat 5.2 \layout Standard Unfortunately the Ruffian kernel provided on the Red Hat 5.2 CD doesn't contain support for the Symbios 875 on-board SCSI. However, you can take the kernel image from Red Hat 5.1 to perform the install. Once installed, you can build your own kernel - the sources on \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/Kernels \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset for 2.0.35 are tried and trusted. \layout Section Which Graphics Cards Work With Linux/Alpha? \layout Standard Linux/Alpha supports both DEC's TGA and generic VGA cards. The new PowerStorm cards from DEC are not supported yet. \layout Subsection TGA Card \layout Standard TGA is DEC's (first) family of workstation graphics cards for the PCI bus. It makes for nice and very quick cards. The only drawback is that since it is coming from the workstation market, it does \shape italic not \shape default support 16-bit color mode. \layout Standard There are three versions of the TGA card. They are all based on the 21030 chip: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim Model: \protected_separator \protected_separator Description: \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline ZLXp-E1 \protected_separator \protected_separator 8-plane \protected_separator TGA \protected_separator (256 \protected_separator colors) \protected_separator \newline ZLXp-E2 \protected_separator 24-plane \protected_separator TGA \protected_separator (16 \protected_separator million \protected_separator colors) \protected_separator \newline ZLXp-E3 \protected_separator 24-plane \protected_separator TGA \protected_separator + \protected_separator 32-plane \protected_separator Zbuffer \protected_separator (16 \protected_separator million \protected_separator colors \protected_separator and \protected_separator 3D \protected_separator support) \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard Caveat: as described below, only the ZLXp-E1 is currently supported by an X server. \layout Subsection VGA Cards \layout Standard Linux boots in VGA mode, so pretty much any graphics card should do for Linux. However, the graphics card also needs to work with the firmware. This is non-trivial since many PCI cards need proprietary wakeup sequences to bring them into a VGA compatible mode. To solve this problem, the firmware includes an x86 emulator that is used to execute the BIOS initialization code on the graphics card. In theory, it is therefore possible plug in any PC graphics card. \layout Standard DEC implemented an x86 emulator that is used by the MILO (Linux), SRM (DEC Unix), and ARC (Windows NT) firmware. This emulator is mature and can indeed initialize most, if not all, cards. To be on the safe side, take a look at the hardware-compatibility lists for DEC Unix and Windows NT before deciding on a card. \layout Standard MILO also comes with an (optional) emulator that is free. It is not nearly as mature as DEC's emulator, but it nevertheless is able to initialize at least following graphics cards: \layout Standard \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim bus \protected_separator card \protected_separator type: \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator chip: \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator BIOS \protected_separator version: \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator Note: \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline === \protected_separator =========================== \protected_separator ====== \protected_separator \protected_separator =========================== \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator ===== \protected_separator \newline ISA \protected_separator Orchid \protected_separator Fahrenheit \protected_separator 1280 \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator 805 \protected_separator \protected_separator ???? \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator 4 \protected_separator \newline ISA \protected_separator #9 \protected_separator GXE \protected_separator Level \protected_separator 12 \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator 928 \protected_separator \protected_separator BIOS \protected_separator Version \protected_separator 1.13.03S \protected_separator \newline PCI \protected_separator #9 \protected_separator GXE \protected_separator 64 \protected_separator PCI \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator 864 \protected_separator \protected_separator BIOS \protected_separator Version \protected_separator 1.02.09u \protected_separator \newline PCI \protected_separator Diamond \protected_separator Stealth \protected_separator 64 \protected_separator DRAM \protected_separator PCI \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator 864 \protected_separator \protected_separator BIOS \protected_separator Version \protected_separator 1.14 \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator 1 \protected_separator \newline PCI \protected_separator Diamond \protected_separator Video \protected_separator 64 \protected_separator DRAM \protected_separator PCI \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator 868 \protected_separator \protected_separator BIOS \protected_separator Version \protected_separator 1.02 \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator 1 \protected_separator \newline PCI \protected_separator Diamond \protected_separator Stealth \protected_separator 64 \protected_separator DRAM \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator 764 \protected_separator \protected_separator BIOS \protected_separator Version \protected_separator 2.01 \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator 2,3 \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline Notes: \protected_separator \newline ====== \protected_separator \newline 1: \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator Reported \protected_separator by \protected_separator pgwduane@mail.atnet.net. \protected_separator \newline 2: \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator The \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator 764 \protected_separator chip \protected_separator is \protected_separator mostly \protected_separator known \protected_separator as \protected_separator Trio64. \protected_separator \newline 3: \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator Reported \protected_separator by \protected_separator viper@ludd.luth.se. \protected_separator \newline 4: \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator Reported \protected_separator by \protected_separator jestabro@amt.tay1.dec.com. \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Subsection Cards Supported by the X Windowing System \layout Standard According to the XFree 3.3.3.1 Release Notes: \begin_deeper \layout Verbatim The \protected_separator following \protected_separator X \protected_separator servers \protected_separator are \protected_separator available \protected_separator for \protected_separator Alpha \protected_separator hardware: \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator XMa64.tgz \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator Mach \protected_separator 64 \protected_separator server \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator XMono.tgz \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator Mono \protected_separator server \protected_separator (generic \protected_separator driver \protected_separator only) \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator XP9K.tgz \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator P9000 \protected_separator server \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator XTGA.tgz \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator DEC \protected_separator 21030 \protected_separator (TGA) \protected_separator server \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator XS3.tgz \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator server \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator XS3V.tgz \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator old \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator ViRGE \protected_separator server \protected_separator (please \protected_separator use \protected_separator SVGA \protected_separator server) \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator XSVGA.tgz \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator SVGA \protected_separator server \protected_separator (Matrox \protected_separator Millennium \protected_separator and \protected_separator S3 \protected_separator ViRGE \protected_separator drivers \protected_separator only) \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard The S3 server is known to work with 764x, 805, 864, 928 based cards (e.g., Orchid Fahrenheit 1280, #9 GXE64, #9 Level 12, #9 Motion 771). The Mach64 server is known to work with WinTurbo GX-VRAM and Graphics Xpression CX-DRAM cards. \layout Standard These servers are available from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {urlnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . More recent developments are available from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.suse.com/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset SuSE \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . Check out the section on commercial software for other options. \layout Standard For TGA not just one, but two servers exist: the first one is by the XFree project, as mentioned above. It's relatively young so it's not well-optimized yet, but it's definitively usable and since sources are available for it, anybody can improve it. The other one is based on DEC-proprietary code (sources are not available). It is fast and relatively stable and can be found \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/X11 \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset here \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Subsection Can Linux/Alpha Run Without Graphics Card? \layout Standard The firmware can be controlled over a serial line terminal at 9600 Baud and it is possible to boot Linux/Alpha in that manner. The kernel can also handle being booted headless without any trouble. Make sure to pass the kernel the device name of the console you wish to use. For example if you wanted to redirect the console to the first serial port, you would add 'console=ttyS0' to the list of flags sent to the kernel. \layout Standard The other important thing to remember here is that by default there is no getty spawned on the serial ports. You must add a line like this to the /etc/inittab to be able to login on the serial port(s): \layout Verbatim @/verb@ \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \layout Verbatim @/verb@ \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline By \protected_separator default \protected_separator you \protected_separator also \protected_separator can \protected_separator not \protected_separator login \protected_separator as \protected_separator root \protected_separator over \protected_separator the \protected_separator serial \protected_separator port. \protected_separator To \protected_separator \newline add \protected_separator this \protected_separator ability \protected_separator add \protected_separator the \protected_separator serial \protected_separator port(s) \protected_separator (ttyS0 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\protected_separator other \protected_separator Linux/Alpha \protected_separator distributions \protected_separator or \protected_separator products, \protected_separator please \protected_separator \newline mail \protected_separator \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline mailto:geerten@bart.nl \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator }{ \newline \end_inset \newline us \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator } \newline \end_inset \newline . \protected_separator \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Subsection \newline Red \protected_separator Hat \protected_separator \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \protected_separator Red \protected_separator Hat \protected_separator is \protected_separator distributing \protected_separator the \protected_separator Alpha \protected_separator version \protected_separator of \protected_separator its \protected_separator well-known \protected_separator Linux \protected_separator \newline distribution. \protected_separator \protected_separator Red \protected_separator Hat \protected_separator for \protected_separator Alpha \protected_separator is \protected_separator ELF-based \protected_separator and \protected_separator available \protected_separator both \protected_separator \newline on \protected_separator CD-ROM \protected_separator and \protected_separator via \protected_separator ftp. \protected_separator \protected_separator The \protected_separator distribution \protected_separator uses \protected_separator the \protected_separator RPM \protected_separator system \protected_separator (Red \protected_separator Hat \protected_separator \newline Package \protected_separator Manager) \protected_separator which \protected_separator allows \protected_separator easy \protected_separator installation \protected_separator of 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download \protected_separator the \protected_separator errata \protected_separator as \protected_separator well. \protected_separator \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline http://www.redhat.com/mirrors.html \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator }{ \newline \end_inset \newline Mirror \protected_separator sites \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator } \newline \end_inset \newline \protected_separator \newline all \protected_separator over \protected_separator the \protected_separator world \protected_separator are \protected_separator available \protected_separator as \protected_separator well. \protected_separator \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Subsection \newline Debian \protected_separator GNU/Linux \protected_separator \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \protected_separator Debian \protected_separator has \protected_separator now \protected_separator made \protected_separator two \protected_separator releases \protected_separator for \protected_separator Alpha. \protected_separator The \protected_separator first \protected_separator being \protected_separator Debian \protected_separator 2.1 \protected_separator (Slink) \protected_separator \newline and \protected_separator now \protected_separator 2.2 \protected_separator (Potato) \protected_separator has \protected_separator been \protected_separator released. \protected_separator More \protected_separator information \protected_separator on \protected_separator Debian \protected_separator can \protected_separator \newline be \protected_separator found \protected_separator at \protected_separator the \protected_separator \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline http://www.debian.org/ \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator 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\protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline http://www.turbolinux.com \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator }{ \newline \end_inset \newline www.turbolinux.com \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator } \newline \end_inset \newline . \protected_separator \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Subsection \newline Sources \protected_separator \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \protected_separator The \protected_separator Linux/Alpha \protected_separator homepage \protected_separator contains \protected_separator a \protected_separator list \protected_separator of \protected_separator ftp \protected_separator sites \protected_separator and \protected_separator mirrors \protected_separator \newline that \protected_separator are \protected_separator used \protected_separator by \protected_separator 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\protected_separator Standard \newline Of \protected_separator course, \protected_separator the \protected_separator regular \protected_separator Linux \protected_separator ftp \protected_separator sites \protected_separator such \protected_separator as \protected_separator \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator }{ \newline \end_inset \newline {urlnam} \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator } \newline \end_inset \newline \protected_separator or \protected_separator \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator }{ \newline \end_inset \newline {urlnam} \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator } \newline \end_inset \newline \protected_separator are \protected_separator good \protected_separator for \protected_separator Linux/Alpha, \protected_separator too. \protected_separator \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Subsection \newline Building \protected_separator a \protected_separator Kernel \protected_separator \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \protected_separator \newline If \protected_separator you \protected_separator want \protected_separator to \protected_separator build \protected_separator your \protected_separator own \protected_separator kernel \protected_separator you \protected_separator may \protected_separator want \protected_separator to \protected_separator follow \protected_separator \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline http://www.bart.nl/geerten/patches.txt \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator }{ \newline \end_inset \newline this \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator } \newline \end_inset \newline \protected_separator \newline recipe, \protected_separator by \protected_separator Harvey \protected_separator J. \protected_separator Stein. \protected_separator It's \protected_separator for \protected_separator 2.0.30: \protected_separator clean \protected_separator patches \protected_separator for \protected_separator 2.0.32 \protected_separator \newline are \protected_separator available \protected_separator as \protected_separator well, \protected_separator and \protected_separator these \protected_separator can \protected_separator be \protected_separator used \protected_separator for \protected_separator 2.0.33 \protected_separator too. \protected_separator \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \newline \layout \protected_separator Standard \newline \protected_separator \newline Patches \protected_separator for \protected_separator more \protected_separator recent \protected_separator 2.0 \protected_separator kernels \protected_separator (up \protected_separator to \protected_separator 2.0.35) \protected_separator are \protected_separator available \protected_separator from \protected_separator \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator \url{ \newline \end_inset \newline ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/ \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator }{ \newline \end_inset \newline gatekeeper \newline \begin_inset \protected_separator LatexDel \protected_separator } \newline \end_inset \newline . \protected_separator \newline A \protected_separator set \protected_separator for \protected_separator 2.0.36 \protected_separator will \protected_separator appear \protected_separator as \protected_separator soon \protected_separator as \protected_separator Jay \protected_separator Estabrook 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\protected_separator releases: \protected_separator mount, \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator umount, \protected_separator uselib, \protected_separator old_readdir, \protected_separator sysinfo, \protected_separator ipc \protected_separator sigreturn, \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator clone, \protected_separator adjtimex, \protected_separator quotactl, \protected_separator sysfs, \protected_separator flock, \protected_separator msync, \protected_separator mlock, \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator munlock, \protected_separator mlockall, \protected_separator munlockall, \protected_separator sched_setparam, \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator sched_getparam, \protected_separator sched_setscheduler, \protected_separator sched_getscheduler, \protected_separator \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator sched_yield, \protected_separator sched_get_priority_max, \protected_separator sched_get_priority_min, \protected_separator \newline \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator \protected_separator sched_rr_get_interval, \protected_separator nanosleep, \protected_separator and \protected_separator mremap. \protected_separator \end_deeper \layout Standard And if you don't care to spend all those CPU cycles while your Alpha pretends to be an Intel CPU, then the next chapter shows you an other way to make many applications available. \layout Section How To Run DEC Unix Netscape on Linux/Alpha \layout Standard (This section was contributed by \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:gander@voyager.netcomi.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Gerald Anderson \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . Note that the Linux/x86 Netscape binary can be run through \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Linux-Alpha/em86/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset em86 \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . This is a bit slower, but doesn't require any special licenses. Now that Netscape's sourcecode is available, we expect to see a native Linux/Alpha version in the near future. However porting to 64bit proved more difficult than expected. A fairly stable version of Mozilla is available for download from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.alphalinux.org \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset the AlphaLinux Homepage \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . Or check out \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.unix-ag.org/Linux-Alpha/Mozilla/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset Nils Faerber \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset 's page for the latest developments.) \layout Standard Support for running ECOFF (the OSF and DU version of \family typewriter a.out \family default ) binaries must have been built into the Linux/Alpha kernels. In effect, this allows you to run with minimal difficulty a large variety of programs that were originally compiled on an OSF/1 or Digital Unix Alpha. \layout Quote \series bold IMPORTANT: \series default All Compaq software mentioned in this section is copyright by Compaq and other parties. You cannot legally use any of this software on your Linux box without the appropriate license(s) for that machine. If your machine is owned by a university, it may be covered by a campus license agreement---check with your local representative. Please note that recently Compaq has allow for most of the Tru64 libraries to be shipped with Linux. There is usually a Tru64-compat package that is shipped. Install this package and you will be able to run some Tru64 applications. \layout Subsection Requirements \layout Standard There are two separate lists of requirements depending on if you have access to OSF/1 v3.x or Digital Unix 4.x (Editor's note: Digital renamed DEC OSF/1 to DEC Unix somewhere around release 3.2---it's the same OS, just different releases). \layout Description For \protected_separator DEC \protected_separator OSF/1 \protected_separator up \protected_separator to \protected_separator and \protected_separator including \protected_separator v3.2: \protected_separator @itemize@ \layout Itemize Linux kernel version 2.0.x or 2.1.x (you must have ECOFF support compiled in) \layout Itemize Access to an Alpha running OSF/1 3.x \layout Description For \protected_separator DEC \protected_separator Unix \protected_separator version \protected_separator v4.0 \protected_separator or \protected_separator newer: \protected_separator @itemize@ \layout Itemize Linux kernel version 2.1.23+ (you must have ECOFF support compiled in) \layout Itemize Access to an Alpha running DU 4.x \end_deeper \end_deeper \layout Subsection How-To \layout Standard For both OSF/1 3.x and Digital Unix 4.x you must complete the following. \begin_deeper \layout Enumerate Get \family typewriter /sbin/loader \family default from the Digital machine and place it in \family typewriter /sbin/loader \family default on your Linux box. \layout Enumerate Create a directory on your Linux box for \family typewriter /usr/shlib \family default \layout Enumerate Get the following libraries from the Digital box and place in the \family typewriter /usr/shlib \family default directory on your Linux box \begin_deeper \layout Itemize \family typewriter libXm.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libXmu.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libm.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libX11.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libXt.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libdnet_stub.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libc.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libXext.so \family default \end_deeper If you are going to use Digital Unix 4.0 libs/loader you must also get: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize \family typewriter libSM.so \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter libICE.so \family default \end_deeper \layout Enumerate Get the file \family typewriter /etc/svc.conf \family default from the Digital box and place it in \family typewriter /etc/svc.conf \family default on your Linux box. \layout Enumerate Download from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.netscape.com/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset ftp.netscape.com \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset the OSF/Alpha version of navigator (e.g., get \family typewriter netscape-v301-export.alpha-dec-osf2.0.tar.gz \family default from \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset ftp://ftp.netscape.com/pub/navigator/3.01/unix/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset this \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset directory). \layout Enumerate Install it \layout Enumerate Run it!! \end_deeper \layout Subsection Conclusion \layout Standard This procedure has been tested on a RedHat 4.0 and RedHat 4.1 box with kernel versions 2.0.27, 2.0.28 (for OSF/1 3.x) and 2.1.23 (for DU 4.x). It seems to be very stable when running the OSF/1 libs/loader but I've noticed some problems with Segmentation Faults using the DU 4.0 libs/loader. I've also noticed that when using DU 4.0 libs/loader that the \family typewriter /etc/svc.conf \family default file is not as necessary as when running the OSF/1 stuff. It does complain, but it is not fatal. \layout Standard If you have questions regarding this document please first refer to the archives for the axp-list mailing list/archive at \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.redhat.com/support/mailing-lists/ \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset http://www.redhat.com \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset , then if you didn't find your answer feel free to mail me at \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:gander@voyager.netcomi.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset gander@voyager.netcomi.com \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Standard All other comments regarding this section may be sent directly to \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset mailto:gander@voyager.netcomi.com \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset gander@voyager.netcomi.com \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Quote \series bold NOTE: \series default Java applets may or may not work OSF/1 or DU libs/loader. \layout Subsection Mail \layout Standard After setting Netscape up like this, sending E-Mail still fails. Oleg Gusev came up with the following solution: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize mkdir /etc/sia/ \layout Itemize touch /etc/sia/siainitgood \layout Itemize copy /etc/sia/matrix.conf from DU to Linux \end_deeper \layout Standard There can also be problems with using Netscape mail as a POP3 or IMAP client as a non-root user authenticated via NIS (no local account). Netscape complains that no user name has been specified even though one has been entered. \layout Subsection Threads \layout Standard When you receive errors that mention DECthreads you need to do the following: \begin_deeper \layout Itemize (re)move libpthread.so and libpthreads.so from the shared library directory \layout Itemize \family typewriter ln -sf /usr/shlib/libc.so /usr/shlib/libpthread.so/ \family default \layout Itemize \family typewriter ln -sf /usr/shlib/libc.so /usr/shlib/libpthreads.so/ \family default \end_deeper This problem is known to occur with recent Netscapes and with Adobe Acrobat 3. \layout Section Change Log \begin_deeper \layout Description v1.6: \protected_separator Added all the new platforms (DS10,DS10L, DS20, ES40, UP2000....) Fixed many, many broken links (still more to fix) Removed the vendors section and instead put in a link to the AlphaLinux.org vendors list A massive amount of corrections/fix-ups (many more still to go) Updated Ruffian section from Stig Removed the names of Geerten Kuiper and David Mosberger as neither maintain this anymore. Removed all azstarnet links \layout Description v1.1.5: \protected_separator A number of new FAQ's in "Known Bugs and Workarounds". Linking around pthreads libraries to run DU software. Martin O.'s final contribution to the Jensen section. Updates in "Where to get Alpha Hardware". Dropped the section on documentation. \layout Description v1.1.4: \protected_separator Stig Telfer's chapter on Ruffian. Rick Taylor's info on AS200. Additional update on X support. Commercial X-servers from MetroLink and XiGraphics. New chapter "How fast is the Alpha?". Removed chapter "Acknowledgements". \layout Description v1.1.3: \protected_separator Patch to Jensen section (Martin O.) Applixware for Alpha. Andy Isaacson's update on X support. Some updates to list of resellers. Started chapter on AS200. Stampede disribution. Problem with keystrokes in vi. Links to 164RX, 264DP boards. Spelling fixes, repaired some links. \layout Description v1.1.2: \protected_separator Small patch to Jensen section (Martin O.) Update on Swedish resellers by Knut Markus Johansson. Deutsche Linux Distribution. Note on Red Hat 5.0. URL for Hugo van der Kooij's Kernel Build HOWTO. Jay Estabrooks' table of system types. \layout Description v1.1.1: \protected_separator Minor changes: spelling fixes, repaired some links. \layout Description v1.1: \protected_separator (never released) Dropped some FAQ's that were relevant to ancient distributions. Added FAQ's about PC164 clock, Milo/modem. Info/links for PC164LX/SX/UX. Miata now listed under supported systems. Mentions partial support for Millenium II in X11. \layout Description v1.08: \protected_separator NAG Fortran under commercial applications. Ditto Net/Equater by BSC Software. Ditto Clio E-Mail package. A Reference to Harvey J. Stein's Patch Notes. \layout Description v1.07: \protected_separator Updated Jensen section (Martin Ostermann). Added Jay Estabrook's description of clock problems. Updated David Mosberger-Tang's E-mail. \layout Description v1.06: \protected_separator Added Red Hat as supplier for Motif. Added ReQAS to list of hardware suppliers. \layout Description v1.05: \protected_separator Added XVScan, Picture Elements to list of commercial applications. Added PSDS to list of hardware suppliers. Fixed some broken links. \layout Description v1.04: \protected_separator Added Geerten Kuiper as new maintainer. Added info on comp.os.linux.alpha. Combined em86 references in new chapter. \layout Description v1.03: \protected_separator Added info on X server for Jensen (Martin Osterman). \layout Description v1.02: \protected_separator Added Italian company Bergamo Perego and updated BVC entry. \layout Description v1.01: \protected_separator Added Finnish company PSS-Trade. Fixed voice number of AVNET Italy. Mention em86 in "Commercial Applications" section as well as in several other places. \layout Description v1.0: \protected_separator Mention Debian as a (forthcoming) Linux/Alpha distributor. Turn Motif section into section listing commercial applications for Linux/Alpha. Add note that Acknowledgment section is out of date. Add pointer to Alpha Compiler Cookbook to section on on-line documentation and on-line Alpha architecture handbook. Add Parsys to list of UK resellers. Add Nirocenta to list of Swedish resellers. Add mention of ALPHAbook1, Miata, and (Demi-)Sable. Various other fixes. \layout Description v0.992: \protected_separator Added section on how to run Netscape on Linux/Alpha (contributed by Gerald Anderson). \layout Description v0.991: \protected_separator Removed Kenetics info. Moved UDB links from DEC to http://www.annex.co.uk/systems/udb.html. \layout Description v0.99: \protected_separator Jensen update by Martin. Added Enorex info. \layout Description v0.98: \protected_separator Added scanner entry to list of supported devices. Fixed link to AXPpci33 info. Updated info on available Red Hat and Craftworks distributions. \layout Description v0.97: \protected_separator Document need of LD_BIND_NOW for gdb. \layout Description v0.96: \protected_separator More networking and ISDN drivers (info by Thomas Bogendoerfer). Updated XL entry in respect to Matrox Millenium. \layout Description v0.95: \protected_separator Added Finish vendor. Update C++ info. Added Quake info. \layout Description v0.94: \protected_separator Updated Jensen section (by Martin). Updated graphics card section to be more explicit about TGA (thanks to Jay). \layout Description v0.93: \protected_separator Status update on ELF. Update on XL Turbo. Added pointer to DEC semiconductor on-line library. Added Motif info. \layout Description v0.92: \protected_separator Added section on common porting problems (thanks to Jay Estabrook for the nifty title!). More pointers to online docs. Qlogic ISP1020 driver works fine now (requires kernel 2.0.1 or newer). BusLogic SCSI cards, reportedly work, too. \layout Description v0.91: \protected_separator Updated XL section with info by Jay Estabrook (all errors are mine). \layout Description v0.9: \protected_separator Jensen section rewritten (and now maintained) by Martin. Added DEC Australia contact. Added Aspen Timberline as an alias for eb164. The isp1020 SCSI driver has been reported to work with Linux/Alpha. \layout Description v0.8: \protected_separator Added UK reseller. Added info on Crafwork Linux. Updated price for Kentics boards (it's cheaper now). Various other minor fixes and updates. \layout Description v0.77: \protected_separator Explain unaligned access faults in "Known Bugs and Workarounds" section. Updated pricing and availability of PCI 64/164 boards. Added section on on-line documentation. \layout Description v0.76: \protected_separator Lots of UDB info is available at the \begin_inset LatexDel \url{ \end_inset http://www.digital.com/info/udb \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset UDB InfoCenter \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset , so all UDB links now point to that URL. Updated section on supported drivers (de500 Fast Ethernet card works as well). Added info on Japanese Linux/Alpha mailing list and ftp site. Updated section on German Alpha resellers. \layout Description v0.75: \protected_separator Updated "International Technology Sales" info and recommendation to avoid BLADE (thanks, Jon!). Removed section listing CD-ROM vendors---there are just too many of them to keep up with this FAQ. \layout Description v0.74: \protected_separator Added to "Known Bugs and Workarounds" section. \layout Description v0.73: \protected_separator Workaround for IDE interrupt-loosing problem added. IBM tokenring driver added to list of working drivers. \layout Description v0.72: \protected_separator Rewrote motherboard section, added Alpha PCI info. Added one or two vendors. \layout Description v0.71: \protected_separator Expanded Platform 2000. \layout Description v0.70: \protected_separator Various updates to the list of French resellers. Added Swiss reseller. Added section with CD-ROM resellers. Updated performance section for Noname based on data received from Francois Potard. Section on Noname boards now contains the caveat that ARC can't boot in 8MB. \layout Description v0.51: \protected_separator The X11 TGA server is now available as a Beta version! See Section \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{ \end_inset What State Is Linux/Alpha In \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {refnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . Added info on Kenetics Technology board. \layout Description v0.50: \protected_separator Linux now runs on the Alpha XL and EB164! Support for IDE CD-ROMs (ATAPI) has been added. SRM section is now a separate HOWTO. Most sections got revised. \layout Description v0.42: \protected_separator Updated \family typewriter aboot \family default documentation to reflect version 0.3. \layout Description v0.41: \protected_separator Added Austrian Alpha vendor. Updated list of known bugs and workarounds (fully compliant IEEE math is now possible if one desires so). \layout Description v0.40: \protected_separator ewrk3 Ethernet driver added to the list of working drivers. \layout Description v0.39: \protected_separator Updated US vendor section (contributed by Maddog). \layout Description v0.38: \protected_separator Various minor updates throughout the document. \layout Description v0.37: \protected_separator @itemize@ \layout Itemize Started list of known bugs/workarounds. \layout Itemize Mention \family typewriter aboot-0.2 \family default in Jensen section. \end_deeper \layout Description v0.36: \protected_separator @itemize@ \layout Itemize Added Jensen installation information. \layout Itemize Joystick driver now works too (as a module). \layout Itemize Universal Desktop Box is now supported! (See Section \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{ \end_inset Supported Systems \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {refnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset .) \layout Itemize Updated Section \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{ \end_inset Where Do I Get Linux Software \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {refnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Itemize Updated entry for Red Hat as the first 50 or so packages are available now. \layout Itemize Updated Section \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{ \end_inset Supported Systems \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {refnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset . \layout Itemize Expanded discussion on how to boot Linux with the SRM firmware (Section \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{ \end_inset How To Boot Linux/Alpha \begin_inset LatexDel }{ \end_inset {refnam} \begin_inset LatexDel } \end_inset ). \end_deeper \end_deeper \layout Standard \the_end